Global warming is linked to ozone layer depletion in 2 ways. There are many situations where human activities have. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Global ozone research and monitoring project report no. The chlorine and bromine compounds that cause significant depletion of the ozone layer are cfcs, carbon tetrachloride ccl4, methyl chloroform ch3ccl3. The ozone layer was discovered in 19 by the french physicists charles fabry and henri buisson. The ozone depletion phenomenon the path from research to human benefit national academy of sciences a satellite image of the ozone hole pink area over antarctica taken on september 25, 1995. The ozone depletion resulted in secondary production of an ozone layer near the ground terrestrial ozone layer, which is responsible for adverse effects on plants, humans and environment with increased number of bronchial diseases in humans. View the latest status of the ozone layer over the antarctic, with a focus on the ozone hole. The thinning or reduction of ozone depletion is most prominent in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. The environmental effects assessment panel report for 2010. It contains high concentrations of ozone o3 relative to other parts of the atmosphere.
Impact of ozone depletion stratospheric ozone filters out most of the suns potentially harmful shortwave ultraviolet uv radiation. This ozone layer sustains life on the earth by absorbing a great deal of uv ultra violet light radiating out of sun. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion montreal protocol. We refer to these reports for detailed information. The assessment may be reproduced or excerpted, without. R111, 2 global warming potential 100 year, ipcc 4th assessment report, 2007. Ozone is formed by photochemical reaction, followed by three body reaction. Pdf depletion of the ozone layer and its consequences. It is an essential factor for many global, biological and environmental phenomena. Environmental studies ozone depletion tutorialspoint.
Effects of ozone depletion for humans and the environment. The severe depletion of the ozone layer in any particular area is called ozone hole. Iodine can cause ozone depletion of several parts ppb per day within the marine boundary layer mahajan et al. Environmental effects and interactions of stratospheric ozone. Halocarbon potential contributions to ozone depletion and global warming exhibit 2 provides odps for the class i and class ii odss.
Nearly 500 organizations, teams, and individuals from 40 countries have received stratospheric ozone protection awards for their exceptional leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements. Ozone in the lower atmosphere contributes to global warming and climate change. Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called uvb. The present progress report for 2016 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of uv radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. Analysis of the montreal protocol, staff report, u.
Ozone depletion is affecting the human health and environment negatively, as it allows the penetration of uv radiations to reach the earth. The subtropical ground ozone concentration in northern hemisphere is twice the corresponding region in southern hemisphere 5. Final report ozone depletion by bromine and iodine over. Pdf there are many situations where human activities have significant effects on the. Experiment iv is crucial in determining whether polar or subtropical ozone depletion is the key player. The chlorofluorocarbon and the halons are potent ozone depletors. First, note the considerable similarity among the four.
Effects and measures to protect ozone layer depletion. This allotropic form of oxygen is formed by passing dry oxygen through a salient electric current. The 1998 assessment focuses on new information produced since 1994. This report has been prepared by rivm, eftec, ntua and iiasa in association with tme and tno under contract with the environment directorategeneral of the european commission. A close look at the evolution at the life on earth reveals that initially the atmosphere was devoid of oxygen but photosynthetic activities of blue green algae and other anaerobic. Halogen emissions from the gulf were estimated as described in section 3. The data include ozone depletion potentials odp, global warming potentials gwp, and cas numbers for each ods.
Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Update on ozonedepleting substances odss and other gases of. Les diablerets, switzerland by jeanpierre pommereau, june 2010.
Linde strongly advocates the use of refrigerant gases with zero ozone depletion potential and fully supports the phase out of hcfcs. The role of halogen chemistry in polar stratospheric ozone depletion february 2009 the role of halogen chemistry in polar stratospheric ozone depletion report from the june 2008 cambridge, uk workshop for an initiative under the stratospheric processes and their role in climate sparc project of the world climate research programme 1. Generally, we find thinning or depletion of the ozone layer to the extent of ozone hole creation over the southern pole i. The depletion of ozone layer has trickle down effects in the form of global warming, which in turn leads to melting of polar ice, which will lead to rising sea levels and climatic changes around the world. Beyond discovery beyond discovery this article was published in 1996 and has not been updated or revised. We care about ozone depletion because a thinner ozone layer allows more uv radiation to reach the earths surface. The odp values are from table 15 of the scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2002, a report of the world meteorological associations global ozone research and monitoring project. Ozone depletion publications, references and resources. Downloads scientific assessment of ozone depletion 2018. The third body m absorbs the excess energy liberated by the above reaction and there by stabilise the o 3 ozone molecule. The ozone layer refers to a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns uv radiation. Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures. Another most feared aspect of pollution is depletion of ozone layer of the stratosphere. Stratospheric ozone protection awards since 1990, epa has recognized outstanding achievement in ozone layer protection.
Ground ozone concentration is lower in polar and equatorial regions. The regulations include reporting and recordkeeping requirements for producers, importers, and exporters of class i and class ii ods. In 1985, the scientists published an article in nature announcing that stratospheric ozone over antarctica was reduced 40% in september, the end of the austral winter. Ozone o3 is a stratospheric layer that plays important role in providing support to humans for their survival. Executive summary scientific assessment of ozone depletion actu. Rivm report 481505011 technical report on stratospheric ozone. Nearly 90% of earths ozone is in the stratosphere and referred to as the ozone layer. The ehso web site provides the latest information, explanations, resources and links free about ozone depletion and many more environmental topics that affect the health of you and your family. Epa has issued a series of regulations to phase out the production and import of class i and class ii ozonedepleting substances ods. Ozone layer depletion causes, effects and solutions 7. Normal ozone ozone layer depletion and its effects. Progress report 2003 united nations environment programme, environmental e. Overexposure to uv radiation can cause a range of health effects, including skin damage skin cancers and premature aging, eye damage including cataracts, and suppression of the immune system. The antarctic ozone hole, as it came to be known, made depletion of.
Project report on ozone depletion environmental pollution. This site includes all of the ozonedepleting substances ods recognized by the montreal protocol. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change. Ozone layer depletion causes, effects and solutions. This edition focuses on a recent unep report entitled, environmental effects of ozone depletion. This timeline highlights the average area of the ozone hole between september 7th and october th as observed by nasa spacedbased instruments see colored bars and scale.
Near the ground, ozone forming as a result of chemical reactions involving traffic pollution and sunlight may cause a number of respiratory problems, particularly for young children. Rivm report 481505011 technical report on stratospheric ozone depletion g. Click any map image to bring up a new page with a highresolution image. The role of halogen chemistry in polar stratospheric ozone. Environmental studies ozone depletion ozone is a form of oxygen in which three atoms of oxygen combine to form a single molecule of ozone. Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health. Ozone layer depletion causes increased uv radiation levels at the earths surface, which is damaging to human health. These radiations can cause severe diseases in humans such as skin cancer, eye damage and genetic mutations etc 9. Previously, camx was extended to model ozone depletion by iodine compounds emitted from ocean waters such as the gulf of mexico yarwood et al. European environment agency for the status of the currently ongoing ozone hole, you can visit the copernicus web site. Satellite instruments monitor the ozone layer, and we use their data to create the images that depict the amount of ozone. The combine mechanism may be referred to as cb6r2h. Ozone depletion is the process of destruction of the ozone layer which can cause adverse effects on the living forms by many pollutants releases out from the vehicles, industries etc. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion.
The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere. The impact of the ozone hole on precipitation is clearly evident in fig.
594 934 1081 573 1434 1068 634 1182 75 793 649 330 892 814 776 74 311 1458 395 994 22 189 1342 845 302 218 263 1281 575 1492 1357 91 283 585 726 66 202 486 1211 1483